A region of diverse peoples with a long history of multicultural influences on the indigenous folk; five nations of East Africa region are Muslim countries; Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Comoros and Tanzania.
Millions of Muslims also form sizable native minorities in Ethiopia, Kenya and Mozambique.
With the influx of multiple cultures to the continent came a variety of foods and flavors, greatly influencing native East African cuisines, including spices, curries, delicacies, and pastries from India, Arabia, Iran, and Europe.
Two of the traditional Swahili Tanzanian and Kenyan staples include Sukuma wiki, and Ugali.
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This vegetable stew from dark green kale or collard leaves, notes Chipo, is "high in fiber, vitamin A, vitamin K, folate, manganese, vitamin C, calcium and iron."
"Ugali," a porridge of cornmeal or millet flour, is more nutritious if made from unrefined flour, according to Chipo.
She notes that the nutritional value of a 350g (12.3 oz) serving of this nutritious staple contains 433 calories, 4.2g fat, 41.65mg sodium, 89.6g carbohydrates, 8.4g fiber, 9.5g protein, 7mg calcium and 4.2mg iron.
In 2014 the Smithsonian's Folklife Festival included a "Flavors of Kenya" tent, attended by Amina and Fatma, both from Lamu Island off Kenya’s Muslim-dominated Swahili coast.
In Kenya during Ramadan, said Fatma, when Maghrib arrives, "We normally drink black coffee and have dates, and then we go for prayers."
While the benefits of breaking fast with dates are well-known, black coffee has some surprising benefits, too.
According to Medical Health News, coffee is the leading source of antioxidants in the US. Joe Vinson, Ph.D., lead author of a study from University of Scranton, said that "Americans get more of their antioxidants from coffee than any other dietary source. Nothing else comes close."
Additionally, Africans' enjoyment of coffee may stem from more than just good flavor.
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Drinking coffee may be a great preventative, insha'Allah.
Amina noted that most Swahili coastal dishes are made from local staples, like seafood, coconut, and rice.
The Swahili coastal coconut rice is particularly advantageous, due to the health benefits of coconut. Classified as a "super food," coconut oil promotes fat loss, brain functions, and fights infections.
Somali Influence on Kenyan Cuisine
According to the 2009 population census conducted by the Kenyan occupation authorities, about 2,310,757 Somali Muslims live on a 127,358.5 km2-arid area of Woqooyi Bari region in southwest Somalia.
Somalis in this region traditionally keep large herds of cattle, goats, sheep, and camels which provide them with sufficient sources of animal protein throughout the year and during the fasting month of Ramadan.
Unrest in Somalia resulted in losing two large regions to other countries: Woqooyi Bari, or NEP as the Kenyan occupation renames it, was occupied by the Kenyan army in 1967 during the Shifta War against Somalia, and the Ogaden region was lost to Ethiopia in 1977 during the Ogaden War.
This upheaval, coupled with Somalis' traditional lifestyle, has facilitated the international transfer of Somali cuisine to other cultures inside and outside of Africa.
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Others went to the Arabophone countries of Yemen and the United Arab Emirates, while others left to North Africa, especially Egypt, and even as far afield as the United Kingdom and Italy.
Noor's wife Shukri relates, "My parents left Somalia when I was still a baby and we settled in the ancient city of Mombasa, a melting pot for immigrants from Iran, Portugal, Oman, Yemen, Somalia and the Indian subcontinent, who came mainly as traders and skilled craftsmen."
Shukri recalls Mombasa’s narrow streets "filled with the aromatic scents of pilau (spiced rice), fish cooked in coconut sauce and fried cassava."
The result was a delicious melange, she said, "a bit of Somali and a bit of Swahili."
Noor and Shukri offer many healthy and delicious Somali dishes. Noor's lentil and sweet potato salad with yoghurt and tahini dressing is filled with nutritious vegetables.
Consisting of sweet potatoes, cherry tomatoes, cooked lentils, lettuce, coriander leaves, tahini and yoghurt, this is a really healthy, delicious dish.
Rich in vitamin A, one sweet potato offers over 400% of our daily vitamin A requirement, and also fiber and potassium.
Medical News Today states that, "according to Duke ophthalmologist Jill Koury, MD, vitamin A deficiency causes the outer segments of the eye's photoreceptors to deteriorate, damaging normal vision. Correcting vitamin A deficiencies with foods high in beta-carotene will restore vision."
Vitamin A is also essential for women during pregnancy and lactation.
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Tahini, a paste made from ground sesame seeds, is rich in copper, known for reducing pain and swelling of arthritis.
Like lentils, sesame seeds are also high in magnesium, good for preventing asthma and migraines, lowering high blood pressure and bad cholesterol, as well as promoting better sleep patterns in menopausal women.
The healthy Ramadan favorites of East African cuisine are delicious and nutritious, not only during Ramadan, but any time of the year.
Explore and enjoy more favorite dishes with the complete menus for a full Swahili Coastal Dinner from Smithsonian's "Flavors of Kenya."
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